General References
Electrotherapy Modalities :
www.Electrotherapy.org Watson’s Website.
Watson (2008) Electrotherapy evidence based practice, churchill 2008
Peripheral and Vertebral Mobilisations :
Maitland’s vertebral mobilazation (2005) 7th edition , Butterworth Heineman
Maitland’s Peripheral mobilization (2005) 4th edition, Butterworth Heineman
Deep tissue friction massage:
Pioneered by Cyriax (1984) in his textbook of orthodox medicine 1984
Reviewed by goats (1994) in Br J Sports Med 1994 28: 153-156 Part 2. Massage--the scientific basis of an ancient art
Maintains & improves mobility of ligaments and muscles - prevents scarring-
Enables breakdown & realignment of fibres - promotes healing
Trigger point therapy
Pioneered by travel and simons. More recent textbook : concise book of trigger points Simeon Niel Asher 2nd edition ( 2008)
Case Specific References
Case 2 Hamstring
Journal 2-Garrett,CL , Draper, D, Knight, K (2000) Heat Distribution in pulsed short wave diathermy (PSWD) compared to ultrasound(US),Journal of Athletic Training, 35(1)
pulse shortwave performs better than ultrasound for large muscle mass
Ttreatment of chronic hamstring/posterior thigh pain[Soft Break]Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 261-277[Soft Break]D. Hunter, C. Speed
biceps femoris most commonly injured
Case 3 Frozen Shoulder
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 82:1398 (2000) Idiopathic Adhesive Capsulitis . A Prospective Functional Outcome Study of Nonoperative Treatment*
Sean M. Griggs, M.D.[Picture], Anthony Ahn, M.D.[Picture] and Andrew Green, M.D.
4 way stretch effective in rehabilitation
Case 4 Ligament Damage
Zammit, E., Harrigton,L.( 2005) “Ultrasound therapy in the management of acute lateral ligament sprains of the ankle joint”, Physical Therapy in Sport, 6(3), pp.116-121
Ultrasound has no significant effect
Jorge, S., Parada, C. A., Ferreira, S. H. & Tambeli, C. H. (2006) “Interferential Therapy Produces Antinociception During Application in Various Models of Inflammatory Pain”. Physical Therapy, 86, (6), pp. 800-808.
Interferential effective reduces inflammatory pain although is short term
Case 5 Iliopsoas Injury
M Mozes, M Z Papa, A Zweig, et al.(1985) Iliopsoas injury in soccer players.Br J Sports Med 1985 19: 168-170 => confirms pain disappears at rest reappears on flexion
Case 6 Achilles Tendinopathy
Bruckner, Kahn (2006) clinical sports medicidne 3rd edition
Achilles tendinopathy characterised by collagen fibre disarray
Available online http://www.clinicalsportsmedicine.com
Case Study 7 Impingement
Giombini et al (2006) “supraspinatus tendiopathy” American journal of sports medicine
Ultrasound effective treatment of shoulder impingement
Senbursa (2007) shoulder impingement
Mobilization more effective than just exercise
case study 8 postural pain
kendall (1993) postural types = kyphosis- lordosis ?
fascial theory : http://www.fascialrelease.com/tag/postural-alignment
www.somatics.de – website of Robert Schliep => trigger point release promote lower back activity and lower back activity reduce postural strain within trapezius
case study 9 whiplash
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Oct;83(10):1406-14. Immediate effects of various physical therapeutic modalities on cervical myofascial pain and trigger-point sensitivity. Hou CR, Tsai LC, Cheng KF, Chung KC, Hong CZ. => trigger point appropriate intervention when manually palpable pain present in trapezius
case study 10 Low back pain
Lewis, J. S., Hewitt, J. S., Billington, L., Cole, S., Byng, J. & Karayiannis, S. (2005) “A randomized clinical trial comparing two physiotherapy interventions for chronic low back pain”. Spine, 30, (7), pp. 711-721.
Mobilisations and spinal exercises are an effective intervention
case study 11 Colles Fracture
www.Electrotherapy.org Watson – “Numerous recent papers have identified the benefits of using therapeutic ultrasound for both normally healing (fresh) fractures and those that demonstrate either a delayed union or non union (e.g. Mayr et al 2000, Busse et al 2002, Warden et al 1999)”
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